Суд над Бхагавад-гитой / Attempt to ban Bhagavad-gita
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/ #70412011-12-24 09:52Критика религии Критика религии имеет длинную историю, начиная с первого столетия до н. э. в Древнем Риме и «О природе вещей» Тита Лукреция Кара и продолжая до настоящего времени с приходом Нового атеизма, представленного такими авторами, как Сэм Харрис, Дэниел Деннет, Ричард Докинз, Кристофер Хитченс и Виктор Стенджер. В 19-м веке критика религии перешла на новый этап с выходом работы Чарльза Дарвина «Происхождение видов». Последователи развили его идеи, представляя эволюцию как опровержение Божественного участия в творении и истории человечества. Основываясь на предположениях Дарвина и трудах Фейербаха, Маркс продолжил критику религии с позиций материализма. Некоторые критики религии утверждают, что теистические религии и их священные книги не боговдохновенны, а созданы обычными людьми с целью разрешения социальных, биологических и политических проблем. И сравнивают положительные аспекты религиозных верований (душевное утешение, организация общества, поощрение целомудрия) с их отрицательными сторонами (суеверие, фанатизм). Некоторые критики считают религиозные верования устаревшей формой сознания, приносящей вред для психологического и физического состояния личности (обрезание, «промывание мозгов» детям, надежда на исцеление болезней с помощью религиозной веры вместо своевременного обращения к врачам), а также вредоносной для общества (религиозные войны, терроризм, нерациональное использование ресурсов, дискриминация гомосексуалистов и женщин, сдерживание развития науки). Русский христианский философ, писатель и публицист ХХ века Иван Ильин в своём труде «Аксиомы религиозного опыта» о религиозной гетерономии[35] пишет: Человеку бывает сущим облегчением отдать свою «свободу» и приобрести чувство «верной» «спасенности». Из этого явления массовой психологии умные и властолюбивые люди давно уже сделали вывод: «религиозная автономия вообще людям не по силам; они лишены духовного зрения и призваны к церковной покорности». …отказ от религиозной самодеятельности есть отказ от духа религии. Однако настоящая религиозная вера — духовна и покоится на свободном и целостном приятии веруемого содержания.[36] Основная критика многих религий направлена на то, что они требуют веры в нерациональное, ненаучное или безрассудное. Эта критика опирается на несколько аспектов, таких как: Религии часто постулируют факты, противоречащие научным доказательствам (например, эволюция, происхождение вселенной, чудеса); Религии часто содержат поведенческие аспекты не принятые в светском обществе (например, ветхозаветный запрет на ношение одежды из смешанного материала, несение детьми негативных последствий за вину родителей); Религии и их священные книги часто содержат противоречивые факты и истории (например, разница между четырьмя Евангелиями Нового Завета); Некоторые религиозные аспекты неразличимы от сказок или суеверий (таких как астрология или Санта-Клаус) |
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